acetonitrile

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Properties of substance:

acetonitrile

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

C₂H₃N

Structural formula as text:

CH3CN

Molar/atomic mass: 41.05

Melting point (°C):

-44.9

Boiling point (°C):

81.6

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

acetone: miscible [Ref.]
benzene: miscible [Ref.]
carbon tetrachloride: miscible [Ref.]
diethyl ether: miscible [Ref.]
ethanol: miscible [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : very soluble [Ref.]
methanol: miscible [Ref.]
sulfolane: miscible [Ref.]
water: miscible [Ref.]
water: 46.4 (-10°C) [Ref.]
water: 68.1 (-3°C) [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

10,7% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.266 (15°)
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 0.9842 (15°)
20,2% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.252 (15°)
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 0.9673 (15°)
28,7% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.175 (15°)
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 0.9498 (15°)
32,7% (wt.), solvent - water
Dielectric constants = 64.01 (25°)
33,7% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.9275 (25°)
36,3% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.08 (15°)
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 0.9327 (15°)
42,6% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.815 (25°)
43,16% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.991 (15°)
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 0.9166 (15°)
43,9% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.801 (25°)
49,1% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.754 (25°)
55% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.669 (25°)
58,3% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.8707 (25°)
59% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.66 (25°)
60% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.651 (25°)
69,5% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.679 (15°)
69,9% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.554 (25°)
73,8% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.517 (25°)
82,3% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.8155 (25°)
84,2% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.449 (15°)
86,5% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.42 (25°)
87,2% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.429 (15°)
88,1% (wt.), solvent - water
Dielectric constants = 40.05 (25°)
90,1% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.436 (15°)
Density (g/cm³) = 0.7977 (25°)
92,8% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.466 (15°)
95,3% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.498 (15°)
Density (g/cm³) = 0.7862 (25°)
97,7% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.493 (15°)
98% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.7806 (25°)
23,4% (wt.), solvent - methanol
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.48 (25°)
Density (g/cm³) = 0.78703 (25°)
56,4% (wt.), solvent - methanol
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.339 (25°)
83,7% (wt.), solvent - methanol
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.334 (25°)
95,2% (wt.), solvent - methanol
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.331 (25°)

Density:

0.845 (-40°C, g/cm³)
0.835 (-30°C, g/cm³)
0.825 (-20°C, g/cm³)
0.815 (-10°C, g/cm³)
0.804 (0°C, g/cm³)
0.793 (10°C, g/cm³)
0.7828 (20°C, g/cm³)
0.77516 (27°C, g/cm³)
0.77342 (30°C, g/cm³)
0.74975 (50°C, g/cm³)

Reactions:

Yeild 52,1-52,7%. [Ref.1]
2CH₃CN → CH₃C(=NH)CH₂CN
Yeild 43%. [Ref.1]
C₆H₅CH=CH₂ + CH₃CN + H₂O → CH₃CONHCH(CH₃)C₆H₅

Refractive index (n_D):

1.34423 (20°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

1 (-47°C)
10 (-16.3°C)
40 (7°C)
100 (25.8°C)
400 (61°C)

Dissociation:

pK_a (1) = 25 (20°C, water)
pK_a (1) = 31.3 (25°C, dimethylsulfoxide)

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

38.2 (20°C)
49.9 (-40°C)
47.8 (-30°C)
45.7 (-20°C)
43.5 (-10°C)
41.7 (0°C)
39.8 (10°C)
36.38 (27°C)
35.82 (30°C)

Dipole moment (D):

3.2 (20°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

0.33813 (27°C)
0.32905 (30°C)
0.801 (-40°C)
0.683 (-30°C)
0.587 (-20°C)
0.509 (-10°C)
0.4421 (0°C)
0.397 (10°C)
0.357 (20°C)
0.322 (35°C)
0.27535 (50°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

28.1 (20°C)

Speed sound (m/s):

1304 (20°C, aggregative state - liquid)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

53.1 (l)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

100.4 (l)

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

144.3 (l)

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol):

32.75

Heat of combustion (kJ/mol):

1265.2

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

87.86 (g)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

105.6 (g)

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

243.47 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

52.22 (g)

LD₅₀ (mg/kg):

3800 (rats, oral)
140-260 (guinea pig, oral)
200 (mice, oral)

Critical temperature (°C):

274.7

Critical pressure (MPa):

4.83

References:

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. - 90ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 5-22
Gangolli S. The Dictionary of Substances and their Effects. - 2 ed., Vol. 1, A-B. - RSC, 1999. - pp. 35-37
Lewis R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. - 11ed. - Wiley-interscience, 2004. - pp. 24
Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 85
Ахметов Б.В. Задачи и упражнения по физической и коллоидной химии. - Л.: Химия, 1989. - pp. 228 [Russian]
Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.2. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 94-95 [Russian]
Гордон А., Форд Р. Спутник химика. - М.: Мир, 1976. - pp. 77 [Russian]
Гутман В. Химия координационных соединений в неводных растворах. - М.: Мир, 1971. - pp. 170-181 [Russian]
Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 554 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 127 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 380 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 393 [Russian]

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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru

Properties of substance:

acetonitrile

Group of substances:

Physical appearance:

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Structural formula as text:

Molar/atomic mass: 41.05

Melting point (°C):

Boiling point (°C):

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

Properties of solutions:

Density:

Reactions:

Refractive index (nD):

Vapour pressure (Torr):

Dissociation:

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

Dipole moment (D):

Viscosity (mPa·s):

Surface tension (mN/m):

Speed sound (m/s):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

Heat of combustion (kJ/mol):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

LD50 (mg/kg):

Critical temperature (°C):

Critical pressure (MPa):

References:

Refractive index (n_D):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

LD₅₀ (mg/kg):