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Properties of substance:
gadolinium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
hexagonal metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Gd
Structural formula as text:
Gd
Molar/atomic mass: 157.25
Melting point (°C):
1312
Boiling point (°C):
3280
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
mercury
: 0.015 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: reaction [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1880
Density:
7.87 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Half-life:
135
64
Gd = 1.1 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (18%))
137
64
Gd = 2.2 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (?))
138
64
Gd = 4.7 s (β
+
(100%))
138m
64
Gd = 6.2 μs (internal transition (100%))
139
64
Gd = 5.7 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (?))
139m
64
Gd = 4.8 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (?))
140
64
Gd = 15.8 s (β
+
(100%))
141
64
Gd = 14 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (0.03%))
141m
64
Gd = 24.5 s (β
+
(89%), internal transition (11%))
142
64
Gd = 70.2 s (electron capture (52%), β
+
(48%))
143
64
Gd = 39 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (?))
143m
64
Gd = 110.0 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (?))
144
64
Gd = 4.47 min (β
+
(100%))
144m
64
Gd = 145 ns (internal transition (100%))
145
64
Gd = 23.0 min (β
+
(100%))
145m
64
Gd = 85 s (internal transition (94.3%), β
+
(5.7%))
146
64
Gd = 48.27 d (electron capture (100%))
147
64
Gd = 38.06 h (β
+
(100%))
147m
64
Gd = 510 ns (internal transition (100%))
148
64
Gd = 70.9 y (α (100%))
149
64
Gd = 9.28 d (β
+
(100%), α (0.00043%))
150
64
Gd = 1 790 000 y (α (100%))
151
64
Gd = 123.9 d (electron capture (100%), α (0.000 001%))
152
64
Gd = 1.08 · 10
14
y (α (100%) (isotopic abundance 0,2%))
153
64
Gd = 240.4 d (electron capture (100%))
153m
64
Gd = 3.5 μs (internal transition (100%))
153n
64
Gd = 76.0 μs (internal transition (100%))
154
64
Gd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 2,18%))
155
64
Gd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 14,8%))
155m
64
Gd = 31.97 ms (internal transition (100%))
156
64
Gd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 20,47%))
156m
64
Gd = 1.3 μs (internal transition (100%))
157
64
Gd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 15,65%))
157m
64
Gd = 460 ns (internal transition (100%))
157n
64
Gd = 18.5 μs (internal transition (100%))
158
64
Gd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 24,84%))
159
64
Gd = 18.479 h (β
-
(100%))
160
64
Gd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 21,86%))
161
64
Gd = 3.646 min (β
-
(100%))
162
64
Gd = 8.4 min (β
-
(100%))
163
64
Gd = 68 s (β
-
(100%))
163m
64
Gd = 23.5 s (β
-
(100%))
164
64
Gd = 45 s (β
-
(100%))
165
64
Gd = 11.0 s (β
-
(100%))
166
64
Gd = 5.1 s (β
-
(100%))
166m
64
Gd = 950 ns (internal transition (100%))
167
64
Gd = 4.2 s (β
-
(100%))
168
64
Gd = 3.03 s (β
-
(100%))
169
64
Gd = 750 ms (β
-
(100%))
170
64
Gd = 420 ms (β
-
(100%))
Electrode potential:
Gd
3+
+ 3e
-
→ Gd, E = -2.397 V (water, 25°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
68.2 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
37 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
8.8
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
338
References:
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 48, 50 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 60 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 450 [Russian]
Химический энциклопедический словарь. - Под ред. Кнунянц И.Л. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1983. - pp. 113 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru
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